Class 10 SST (Contemporary India) Chapter- 6 Manufacturing IndustriesQuestions and Answers
EXERCISES Page no: 68
Question: 1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium Smelting
(b) Cement
(c) Paper
(d) Steel
Answer: (a) Aluminium Smelting.
Explanation: Bauxite is the primary raw material used in the aluminium smelting industry.
(ii) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.
(a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c) Aluminium Smelting
(d) Information Technology
Answer: (b) Electronic.
Explanation: The electronic industry is responsible for manufacturing products like telephones and computers.
Question: 2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.
(i) What is manufacturing?
Answer: Manufacturing is the process of producing goods in large quantities by transforming raw materials into finished products, such as textiles, machinery, and food items.
(ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.
Answer: Basic industries are those that produce raw materials for other industries. An example is the iron and steel industry, which supplies essential materials for construction and manufacturing.
EXERCISES Page no: 69
Question: 3. Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer: Industries contribute to environmental pollution in several significant ways. Air pollution arises from the emission of harmful gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, along with particulate matter from factories, which can lead to respiratory issues and other health problems. Water pollution occurs when industrial waste, including chemicals and heavy metals, is discharged into rivers and lakes, contaminating aquatic ecosystems and drinking water sources. Land pollution is caused by the improper disposal of solid waste and hazardous materials, which can degrade soil quality and harm plant life. Additionally, noise pollution from machinery and industrial processes can lead to health issues such as stress and hearing impairment. Overall, industrial activities pose a serious threat to both environmental and public health, necessitating stringent regulations and sustainable practices.
(ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?
Answer: To mitigate environmental degradation caused by industrial activities, several effective strategies can be implemented:
1. Water Conservation: Industries should minimize water usage by reusing and recycling water in multiple stages of production. Rainwater harvesting can also help meet water requirements sustainably.
2. Effluent Treatment: Treating industrial effluents before discharging them into water bodies is crucial. This can be achieved through a three-phase treatment
process: primary (mechanical), secondary (biological), and tertiary (chemical/physical).
3. Pollution Control Technologies: Installing pollution control devices like electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and scrubbers can significantly reduce air pollutants emitted from factories.
4. Noise Reduction Measures: Using noise-absorbing materials and maintaining machinery can help lower noise pollution levels.
5. Sustainable Practices: Industries should adopt eco-friendly technologies and practices, including waste minimization and energy-efficient processes, to ensure sustainable development.
ACTIVITY
Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry.
The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets.
Answer:
(i) Used to drive machinery (5) – Power
(ii) People who work in a factory (6) – Workers
(iii) Where the product is sold (6) – Market
(iv) A person who sells goods (8) – Retailer
(v) Thing produced (7) – Product
(vi) To make or produce (11) – Manufacture
(vii) Land, Water and Air degraded (9) – Polluted